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Stifter (David)

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Stifter, David, “With the back to the ocean: the Celtic maritime vocabulary”, in: Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, and Eske Willerslev (eds), The Indo-European puzzle revisited integrating archaeology, genetics, and linguistics, Cambridge, Online: Cambridge University Press, 2023. 172–192.  
abstract:

The aim of this chapter is to establish the semantic field of maritime vocabulary of the Celtic languages, especially that part of the maritime vocabulary that can be reconstructed for Proto-Celtic, the common ancestor of all Celtic languages, and for the prehistoric stages of the Insular Celtic languages. The approach taken in this study is to analyse the relevant lexemes etymologically, and to assess the findings from the point of view of linguistic archaeology. Linguistic archaeology seeks to extract as much information as possible from the synchronic and diachronically reconstructable semantics and morphology of words in order to make inferences about the environment and living conditions of the language’s speakers from a prehistoric and early historic perspective. Maritime vocabulary, which is the focus of this study, includes all elements of the lexicon that refer to the topographical, biological, and economic environment of the sea and the shore, and to human interaction with them.

Stifter, David, Fangzhe Qiu, Marco A. Aquino-López, Bernhard Bauer, Elliott Lash, and Nora White, “Strategies in tracing linguistic variation in a corpus of Old Irish texts (CorPH)”, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 27:4 (Oct., 2022): 529–553.  
abstract:

Languages change constantly in all linguistic domains – phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexical use – and their graphic expressions are subject to fashions. Irish, a Celtic language spoken in Ireland, is in no way different. With a written history of more than 1,500 years, Irish is among the oldest attested languages in Europe. Because of its long textual tradition, its development through time is reflected in the huge amount of variation observable in the extant sources, i.e. texts in manuscripts from the 8th up to as late as the 17th and 18th century. The European Research Council-funded project Chronologicon Hibernicum (hereafter ChronHib; 2015–2021) has studied the diachronic evolution of the early medieval Irish language, best known as Old Irish. This article presents the major challenges posed by extant Old Irish texts and introduces two methods developed in the ChronHib project to study synchronic and diachronic variation in the extant material, namely variation tagging and Bayesian language variation analysis.

Stifter, David, Nina Cnockaert-Guillou, Beatrix Färber, Deborah Hayden, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Joanna Tucker, and Christopher Guy Yocum, Developing a digital framework for the medieval Gaelic world: project report, Online: Irish Research Council – Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2022. PDF. URL: <https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/ael/Research/ResearchinLanguages/imdorus/Publications>.
Stifter, David, Ogam: language, writing, epigraphy, AELAW, 10, Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2022.
Stifter, David [principal investigator], Corpus PalaeoHibernicum (CorPH), Online: National University of Ireland, Maynooth, 2021–. URL: <https://chronhib.maynoothuniversity.ie/chronhibWebsite>. 
abstract:
CorPH is an on-line database of Old Irish texts curated by the ChronHib project. It incorporates and harmonises several pre-existing digital databases of Old Irish texts, as well as digitalises and annotates a number of other Old Irish texts. All data have undergone digitalisation, tokenisation, lemmatisation, POS- and morphological tagging, following the rules and tagsets created by ChronHib, which can be downloaded from this webpage.

Pre-existing digital databases that have been incorporated into CorPH include the following. ChronHib has acquired their respective authors’ authorisation to copy, modify, display and distribute the Work as part of the database ‘Corpus Palaeo-Hibernicum’, or CorPH:

Barrett, Siobhán (2017), A Lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan, as part of an unpublished PhD Thesis, accessible at http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/10042/

Bauer, Bernhard (2015), The online database of the Old Irish Priscian glosses, originally published at http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/priscian/

Griffith, Aaron and David Stifter (2013), A Dictionary of the Old Irish Glosses in the Milan MS Ambr. C301 inf., originally published at https://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/milan_glosses/

Lash, Elliott (2014), The Parsed Old and Middle-Irish Corpus, originally published at https://www.dias.ie/celt/celtpublications-2/celt-the-parsed-old-and-middle-irish-corpus-pomic/.
Forsyth, Katherine, Deborah Hayden, Megan Kasten, David Stifter, and Nora White, OG[H]AM: harnessing digital technologies to transform understanding of ogham writing, from the 4th century to the 21st, Online: University of Glasgow, 2021–present. URL: <https://ogham.glasgow.ac.uk>. 

Website and blog for the research project OG[H]AM: harnessing digital technologies to transform understanding of ogham writing, from the 4th century to the 21st century (2021–2024). The team includes Katherine Forsyth and David Stifter (principal investigators), Deborah Hayden (co-investigator), Nora White and Megan Kasten (post-doctoral researchers), Luca Guarienti (digital officer) and Clara Scholz (student intern). The website features blogs by team members as well as guest blogs by other researchers, including Karen Murad and Chantal Kobel.

Stifter, David, Cisalpine Celtic: language, writing, epigraphy, AELAW, 8, Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2020.
Lash, Elliott, Fangzhe Qiu, and David Stifter (eds), Morphosyntactic variation in medieval Celtic languages: corpus-based approaches, Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, 346, Berlin, Online: De Gruyter Mouton, 2020.
Lash, Elliott, Fangzhe Qiu, and David Stifter, “Introduction: Celtic studies and corpus linguistics”, in: Elliott Lash, Fangzhe Qiu, and David Stifter (eds), Morphosyntactic variation in medieval Celtic languages: corpus-based approaches, 346, Berlin, Online: De Gruyter Mouton, 2020. 1–12.
Stifter, David, “Old Irish etymology through the ages”, Language and History 63 (2020): 24–46.  
abstract:
The etymological study of Early Irish began in the Old Irish period (c. 700‒900 a.d.), under the influence of Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae, and, because of its flexible hermeneutic potential, it enjoyed great popularity in the middle and early modern periods. It is only with the rise of modern comparative linguistics, especially of Indo-European linguistics in the second half of the 19th century, that the art of Irish etymology attained scholarly rigour. Over the past 150 years, paradigm shifts in Indo-European studies (laryngeal theory, accent/ablaut classes of inflection, derivational morphology) and the development of modern technology (digitisation of texts, e.g. eDIL, ISOS) have repeatedly changed the methods and the course of Irish etymological studies. The impact of some of these external factors will be illustrated with examples.
Callaghan, Brian, and David Stifter, “Two early Irish inscriptions from Co. Cavan”, Peritia 31 (2020): 257–269.  
abstract:

This article presents two stones with short inscriptions in Early Irish that were discovered by Brian Callaghan of the Moybologue Historical Society at Moybologue Old Graveyard and at Enniskeen Graveyard, in 2017 and 2019 respectively. Both sites are on the Cavan-Meath border and are approximately 10.5 km distant from each other.

Griffith, Aaron, and David Stifter, “Old Irish”, glottothèque: ancient Indo-European grammars online, Online: University of Göttingen, 2020. URL: <https://spw.uni-goettingen.de/projects/aig/lng-sga.html>.
Stifter, David, “Old Irish lobur ‘weak, sick’”, Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 66 (2019): 177–178.
Stifter, David, “An apple a day …”, Indogermanische Forschungen 124 (2019): 171–218.  
abstract:
This article presents hitherto overlooked evidence that suggests that the Old Irish word for the ‘apple’, ubull, was originally a neuter u-stem. This is then integrated into a general picture of the words for ‘apple’ in Celtic and Indo-European. Along the way, several other problems are discussed: it is demonstrated that the normal, if not regular, genitive plural of neuter u-stems in Old Irish had the ending -Ø; the rules for the operation of MacNeill’s Law after b /β/ are refined; and the question of the regular reflex of *su̯ in Old Irish is investigated.
Stifter, David, “[Note:] The Middle Irish glosses of Marianus Scottus alias Muiredach mac Robartaig in the Vienna Cod. 1247”, Peritia 29 (2018): 225–229.
Griffith, Aaron, David Stifter, and Gregory Toner, “Early Irish lexicography ‒ A research survey”, Kratylos 63:1 (2018): 1–28.
Stifter, David, “The stars look very different today”, Ériu 68 (2018): 29–54.  
abstract:
This article studies the semantic field of generic words for ‘stars', ‘constellations', and ‘planets’ in Early Irish. The Old Irish items discussed are: 1. the hapax ser, 2. rind, 3. the doubtful rét, 4. rétglu, 5. get, and 6. airndrethach. The items are subjected to a close semantic scrutiny, in order to modify the lexicon definitions in cases where this is necessary. In addition, the etymologies of these words are discussed, which results in new or phonologically and morphologically more precise explanations for some of them. In Appendix 1, a potentially Proto-Celtic poetic formula involving a word for ‘star’ is reconstructed. Appendix 2 is concerned with Old Irish stíall*, a loan from Latin stella ‘star', which only occurs in the name of the feast of the Epiphany.
Stifter, David, “Ulster connections of Cín Dromma Snechtai”, in: Mícheál B. Ó Mainnín, and Gregory Toner (eds), Ulidia 4: proceedings of the fourth international conference on the Ulster Cycle of tales, Queen's University Belfast, 27-9 June, 2013, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2017. 23–37.
Stifter, David, “Varia II: The origin of time”, Ériu 67 (2017): 219–226.
Stifter, David (ed.), Keltische Forschungen 7 (2015-2016, 2017), Vienna: Praesens Verlag.
Stifter, David, “The language of the poems of Blathmac”, in: Pádraig Ó Riain (ed.), The poems of Blathmac son of Cú Brettan: reassessments, 27, London: Irish Texts Society, 2015. 47–103.
Stifter, David, “Keltische Schriftsysteme”, Historische Sprachforschung 128 (2015): 236–259.  
abstract:
Anhand der zur Schreibung der lepontischen und cisalpingallischen sprache gebrauchten lepontischen schrift veranschaulicht dieser artikel das konzept von schriftkontakt. Wie im fall von sprachkontakt, entwickeln sich schriftsysteme in beständigem austausch mit benachbarten schriftsystemen. Der einfluss kann sich auf die wähl der zur Verfügung stehenden grapheme erstrecken, auf ihre graphische gestalt, aber auch auf die orthographische praxis. Für die lepontische schrift waren im verlauf ihrer geschichte sukzessive die nordetruskische schrift, die venetisch-rätische schreibpraxis, und schlussendlich die lateinische schrift massgeblich, wofür beispiele aus der datenbank Lexicon Leponticum (http://www.univie.ac.at/lexlep/wiki/Main_Page) angeführt werden.
Griffith, Aaron, and David Stifter, “New and corrected MS readings in the Milan glosses”, Études Celtiques 40 (2014): 53–83.  
abstract:
[FR] Nouvelles lectures et corrections de lecture sur le manuscrit des Gloses de MilanAprès avoir examiné l’édition fac-similé (Best, 1936), ainsi que le manuscrit original (Milan, Codex Ambrosianus 301 C inf.), les auteurs proposent un certain nombre de corrections au texte des Gloses de Milan tel qu’il a été édité dans le Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus I (p. 7-483). Ces corrections, accompagnées d’un commentaire, s’ajoutent à celles qui ont déjà été publiées en ligne sur le site : http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/milan_glosses.htm

[EN] Having inspected the facsimile edition (Best, 1936) as well as the original manuscript (Codex Ambrosianus 301 C inf.), the authors offer a number of corrections to the text of the Milan Glosses as found in the Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus I (p. 7-483). These corrections, together with commentary, supplement those already online at : http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/milan_glosses.htm.
Persée – Études Celtiques, vol. 40, 2014: <link>
Roma, Elisa, and David Stifter (eds), Linguistic and philological studies in Early Irish, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2014.  
abstract:
This is a multi-authored volume which gathers essays devoted to Early Irish originally presented at the XIV International Congress of Celtic Studies, held in Maynooth, August 1-5, 2011. The topics covered, either from a synchronic or a diachronic perspective, range from phonetics and phonology to morphology and syntax with some semantics.
(source: Publisher)
Stifter, David, “The history of the Old Irish preverb to-”, in: Elisa Roma, and David Stifter (eds), Linguistic and philological studies in Early Irish, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2014. 203–246.
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‘David Stifter’ (id. 0000-0001-5634-9912)
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Dennis Groenewegen
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March 2018, last updated: July 2022
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